Allopurinol can potentially cause damage to which organs?

• A. Lungs and heart
• B. Brain
• C. Liver or kidneys
• D. Muscles only

Answer: (C)

Allopurinol can potentially affect both the liver and the kidneys because it is processed by the liver and eliminated by the kidneys. This makes hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity the main safety concerns with its use. The liver may show changes in enzymes or, rarely, injury. The kidneys may be impacted either from dehydration and precipitation of urate in the renal tubules or from reduced clearance, leading to impaired function. Because of this, clinicians monitor liver function tests and kidney function, and adjust dosing in kidney impairment to minimize risk. Symptoms such as jaundice, fatigue, dark urine, reduced urine output, or swelling warrant prompt attention.