Untreated neuroleptic malignant syndrome can progress to which of the following conditions?

• A. Coma or acute renal failure
• B. Diabetes mellitus
• C. Asthma
• D. Hair loss

Answer: (A)

Untreated neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a medical emergency where severe muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, and autonomic instability can lead to major organ complications. The key progression is muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis). As muscles break down, myoglobin is released into the bloodstream and can accumulate in the kidneys, causing myoglobinuric renal injury and potentially acute renal failure. In addition, ongoing CNS dysfunction from the illness and metabolic disturbances can progress to coma. So coma or acute renal failure are the life-threatening consequences you need to recognize.

Diabetes mellitus, asthma, and hair loss are not typical or direct complications of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, which is why they aren’t the expected progression.